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The current research was conducted in the greenhouse to figure out the fertilizer and rhizobium inoculation effect on the vegetative growth of two nitrogen fixing leguminous plant species, namely shrub lespedeza (Lespedeza bicolor) and soybean (Glycine max) grown in coal mine soil, as well as how their nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contents changed. Three replicates of each of the four treatments were applied to both plants: T0- non-fertilized non-inoculation (control); T1- fertilization; T2- rhizobium inoculation; and T3- fertilization combined with rhizobium inoculation. Except for root dry weight, fertilization and fertilization combined with inoculation considerably enhanced the nourishment of all vegetative parameters of both plants in comparison to the control. Compared to the control, both the dry and fresh weight of the shoots, plant dry weight, the canopy spread, leaves, and node number on each plant, the leaf area index, and the leaf area increased. The fertilizer and rhizobia inoculation application dramatically raised the N content of soybean and shrub lespedeza. P and K content of the investigated plants increased significantly only when NPK fertilizer was administered. In conclusion, it could be stated that rhizobium inoculation and fertilization play an indispensable role in stimulating the outgrowth of shrub lespedeza and soybean in coal mine soil and increasing the nutrient content of examined legume species.