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				<publisherName>ZIBELINE INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING</publisherName>
				<title type="subject" xml:lang="en" sort="Plant Physiology and Soil Chemistry">Plant Physiology and Soil Chemistry</title>
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				<title type="title">EFFECT OF SEED PRIMING ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF KIWI (ACTINIDIA DELICIOSA CV. BRUNO) IN ILAM, NEPAL</title>
			</titleGroup>
			
			<copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2017 Zibeline International Publishing</copyright>
			<doi origin="zibeline international publishing" registered="yes">http://doi.org/10.26480/ppsc.01.2026.28.32</doi>
			<issn type="online">2805-5063</issn>
			
			<eventGroup>
				<event type="publication_date" date="06-04-2026"/>
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			<creators>
				<creator xml:id="AS" creatorRole="editor">
					<personName>
						<editorNames>Ayasha Shahi</editorNames>
					</personName>
				</creator>
				<creator xml:id="GL" creatorRole="editor">
					<personName>
						<editorNames>Ganesh Lamsal</editorNames>
					</personName>
				</creator>
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			<creator xml:id="SL" creatorRole="editor">
					<personName>
						<editorNames>Sandeep Timalsina</editorNames>
					</personName>
				</creator>
				<creator xml:id="JC" creatorRole="editor">
					<personName>
						<editorNames>Jay Chaurasia</editorNames>
					</personName>
				</creator>
				<creator xml:id="AS" creatorRole="editor">
					<personName>
						<editorNames>Archana Sharma</editorNames>
					</personName>
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				<creator xml:id="DA" creatorRole="editor">
					<personName>
						<editorNames>Deepshikha Adhikari</editorNames>
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		<citation_keywords>
		    <keyword>Germination, Kiwifruit, Seedling growth, Seed priming</keyword>
		</citation_keywords>
			
		<citation_pdfformat>
		     <pdf_url>https://ppsc.org.my/archive/1ppsc2026/1ppsc2026-28-32.pdf</pdf_url>
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	         <xml_url>https://ppsc.org.my/xml/2ppsc2026/1ppsc2026-28-32.xml</xml_url>
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	   <citation_volume>
	       <volume>6</volume>
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	   <citation_issue>
	        <issue>1</issue>
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	   <citation_pages>
	      <pages>28-32</pages>
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	       <fulltext_html>https://ppsc.org.my/ppsc-01-2026-28-32/</fulltext_html>
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			<abstract type="main" xml:lang="en">
			<title type="main">Summary</title>
			
					<p>Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) is an emerging fruit crop in Nepal. However, owing to its poor seed germination, growers lack the techniques for high-quality quality uniform rootstock production for grafting purposes. Ten treatments were tested, including control, tap water, cow urine (5% and 10%), vermiwash (10% and 20%). KNO3 (1% and 3%), and GA (4000 ppm and 6000 ppm), using a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The results revealed that the highest germination percentage (47.69%) was recorded on GA, at 6000 ppm, which was statistically at par with KNO, 1%, GA, 4000 ppm, KNO3 3%, and vermiwash 20% and the lowest germination percentage (35.07%) was recorded on the control. The highest seedling height (9.74 cm) was recorded on KNO, at 3% which was statistically similar to KNO, 1%, vermiwash 20%, GA3 4000 ppm, and cow urine 10% and the shortest seedling height (6.69 cm) was found in the control. The highest fresh shoot weight (0.183 g), fresh root weight (0.093 g), dry shoot weight (0.019 g), dry root weight (0.005 g), and shoot length (3.86 cm) were observed in KNO3 at 3% which was statistically at par with GA, 6000 ppm and vermiwash 20% and the lowest values recorded in the control. Similarly, KNO, 1% achieved the highest root length (6.06 cm) and seedling vigor index-1 (445.77), while the lowest values were recorded in the control. The highest seedling vigor index-11 (1.070) was found in GA, 6000 ppm, while the control showed the lowest (0.545). From the findings of this experiment, it is revealed that the seeds treated with GA3 6000 ppm, GA3 4000 ppm, KNO3 3%, KNO3 1%, vermiwash 20% and cow urine 10% could be the most effective and appropriate method to improve the germination and seedling growth of kiwifruit for rootstock purposes. </p>
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